Association between shortened dental configurations and health outcomes: a scoping review.

This study mapped definitions of shortened dental configurations and health outcomes employed in association studies. A scoping review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and Cochrane databases. Two trained researchers selected studies and extracted data. Studies that investigated the association between shortened dental configurations (exposure) and person-centered outcomes (general and oral health) related to health behavior (dietary patterns). Clinical outcomes were classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization (WHO). Shortened dental configurations were defined as at least 20/21 teeth or the position of the teeth, including esthetics, dental occlusion and periodontal status (Eichner Index, Shortened Dental Arches, Functional Dentition Classification System, Posterior Occluding Pairs, Functional Tooth Units). The initial search resulted in 12,525 records in English, Portuguese and Spanish, 432 of which addressed the association of interest. General health (n = 203) and oral health (n = 201) were addressed in a similar number of studies. Most outcomes were related to general health (n = 184), the most frequent of which were endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases (n = 57) and mental functions (n = 26). Person-centered measures were addressed in 153 studies, most of which were about oral health and oral health-related quality of life (n = 62). Oral health outcomes were predominantly related to intake functions (n = 44) and diseases or disorders of the orofacial complex (n = 24). Dietary patterns (n = 43) and mortality (n = 38) were also studied. The cross-sectional design (n = 257) and non-probabilistic sampling (n = 218) were more frequent. The shortened dental configurations defined by the WHO were the most frequent in the studies (n = 206). The effects of shortened dental configurations have been investigated mainly in relation to endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases and measures of oral health-related quality of life. The findings point to a diversity of health outcomes assessed and substantial methodological variability.

Critical appraisal of systematic reviews of intervention studies in periodontology using AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS tools.

Background: Systematic reviews of intervention studies are used to support treatment recommendations. The aim of this study was to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of systematic reviews of intervention studies in in the field of periodontology using AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS. Material and Methods: Systematic reviews of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, published between 2019 and 2020, were searched at MedLine, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, LILACS with no language restrictions between October 2019 to October 2020. Additionally, grey literature and hand search was performed. Paired independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality and risk of bias through the AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS tools. Results: One hundred twenty-seven reviews were included. According to AMSTAR 2, the methodological quality was mainly critically low (64.6%) and low (24.4%), followed by moderate (0.8%) and high (10.2%). According to ROBIS, 90.6% were at high risk of bias, followed by 7.1% low, and 2.4% unclear risk of bias. The risk of bias decreased with the increased in the impact factor of the journal. Conclusions: Current systematic reviews of intervention studies in periodontics were classified as low or critically low methodological quality and high risk of bias. Both tools led to similar conclusions. Better adherence to established reporting guidelines and stricter research practices when conducting systematic reviews are needed. Key words:Bias, evidence-based dentistry, methods, periodontics, systematic review.

Factors associated with halitosis reported by parents/caregivers in individuals with Down syndrome.

AIMS: Data on halitosis among individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are scarce. The aim was to evaluate factors associated with the occurrence of halitosis reported by parents/caregivers (P/Cs) in individuals with DS. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in non-governmental assistance institutions in the State of Minas Gerais-Brazil. P/Cs have answered an electronic questionnaire with sociodemographic, behavioral and oral health data. Factors associated with halitosis were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. The sample comprised 227 P/Cs (age 48.8 ± 13.2 years; 82.9% mothers) of individuals with DS (age 20.8 ± 13.5 years). The prevalence of halitosis in the total sample was 34.4% (n = 78) and its occurrence was associated: 1) in individuals with DS ≤18 years old (26.2%; n = 27)-negative perception of oral health (OR = 3.91); 2) in individuals with DS > 18 years (41.1%; n = 51)-gingival bleeding (OR = 4.53), absence of tongue brushing (OR = 4.50), negative perception of oral health (OR = 2.72). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of halitosis in individuals with DS reported by P/Cs was relevant and associated with dental factors, having a negative impact on the perception of oral health. Oral hygiene practices, especially tongue brushing, should be reinforced to prevent and control halitosis.

Association between Dentin Hypersensitivity and Health/Oral Health-related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between DH and Health (HRQoL) or Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Material and Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scielo, LILACS/BBO, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), Open Grey, and Google Scholar databases were screened in September 2019 (updated in October 2022). Observational studies were selected to compare HRQoL/OHRQoL(outcome) according to DH(exposure) or evaluate the association among these variables. Standardized Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for analytical cross-sectional studies was used to analyze the risk of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize evidence for the association between DH and OHRQoL. Results: 10 papers met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. In most studies, presenting or having a greater intensity of DH was associated with a negative impact on one's quality of life. However, most of these studies showed a moderate to high risk of methodological bias. The consistent finding from studies with a low risk of bias suggests a significant association between DH and OHRQoL. Meta-analysis was feasible for three studies with substantial heterogeneity. The pooled Odds Ratio was 2.14 (95%CI 1.15-3.99; I2= 57,44%). Conclusion: Many studies presented a high risk of bias; therefore, the actual effect of DH on one's quality of life remains uncertain.

Association between components of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in the association with periodontitis (PE) (#CRD42020218310). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic electronic search was performed in PUBMED, Scielo and Lilacs databases up to April 2022. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies presenting data on the association between MetS and PE in the adult and elderly populations were included. A random effect meta-analysis was performed to determine association effect estimates. Results interpretation followed the assessment of methodological quality (Joana Briggs Institute tool) together with the certainty of evidence (GRADE approach). RESULTS: This review included 52 studies, totalling 140,434 participants, and 38 studies were meta-analyzed. Association between PE and MetS was observed (ORadj from 1.27 to 1.90; PRajd = 1.19; RRadj from 1.10 to 1.37) (low and very low certainty of evidence). Hyperglycaemia (OR = 1.18), HDL (OR = 1.16), obesity (OR = 1.08), and hypertension (OR = 1.11) were associated with PE, except triglycerides (low and very low certainty of evidence). There was a dose-response gradient between the number of MetS components and PE, with a gradual increase in the effect magnitude for 1 (OR = 1.14), 2 (OR = 1.52), 3 or more (OR = 1.79), and 4 or 5 components (OR = 2.02) (low to high certainty of evidence). CONCLUSIONS: MetS was associated with PE, with a dose-response gradient between the number of MetS components and the occurrence of PE, with an increasing effect magnitude according to an increasing number of components. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Periodontal examination should be part of a comprehensive propaedeutic approach of MetS patients, particularly those presenting a great number of components.

Periodontal diseases: is it possible to prevent them? A populational and individual approach.

Periodontal diseases are infectious inflammatory chronic diseases of a multifactorial nature. They are primarily caused by dysbiotic ecological changes in dental biofilm, which may be influenced by risk factors. The prevention of periodontal diseases may involve different strategies focused on reducing distal, intermediate, and proximal risk factors at both the population and individual levels. Effective prevention depends on interdisciplinary and common risk factor approaches. Also, patient-centered preventive models are more effective than professional-centered models in the management of periodontal diseases. Regular and periodic control of dental biofilm is an essential measure for the different levels of prevention of periodontal diseases. The effectiveness of periodontal disease prevention largely depends on positive modifications of behavior, knowledge, health literacy, patient empowerment, motivation, and compliance.

Periodontal diseases: is it possible to prevent them? A populational and individual approach

Abstract Periodontal diseases are infectious inflammatory chronic diseases of a multifactorial nature. They are primarily caused by dysbiotic ecological changes in dental biofilm, which may be influenced by risk factors. The prevention of periodontal diseases may involve different strategies focused on reducing distal, intermediate, and proximal risk factors at both the population and individual levels. Effective prevention depends on interdisciplinary and common risk factor approaches. Also, patient-centered preventive models are more effective than professional-centered models in the management of periodontal diseases. Regular and periodic control of dental biofilm is an essential measure for the different levels of prevention of periodontal diseases. The effectiveness of periodontal disease prevention largely depends on positive modifications of behavior, knowledge, health literacy, patient empowerment, motivation, and compliance.

Association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, the association between metabolic disorders and periodontitis has been widely studied and recognized. However, the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis remains controversial. The aim of the present case-control (1:3) study is to evaluate the potential association between periodontitis and MetS, as well as the influence of risk variables on this association. METHODS: Samples comprised 122 individuals with MetS (cases) and 366 controls. Plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were evaluated through a full-mouth periodontal examination. The association between risk variables, MetS, and periodontitis was tested through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A high prevalence of periodontitis was observed among cases (54.6%) when compared with controls (45.4%). Significant variables associated with the occurrence of periodontitis in the final logistic model were: MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.02; P = 0.003), number of teeth ≤14 (OR = 1.78; P = 0.034), and smoking (OR = 2.19; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: An important risk association between MetS and periodontitis was reported, being that individuals with MetS presented worse periodontal status and higher prevalence, severity, and extension of periodontitis.

Associação entre periodontite e síndrome metabólica: um estudo caso-controle / Association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome: a case-control study

Nos últimos anos, a associação entre distúrbios metabólicos e periodontite foi amplamente estudada e reconhecida. No entanto, a relação entre síndrome metabólica (SMet) e periodontite permanece conflitante, particularmente a associação da gravidade da SMet e da periodontite. O presente estudo caso-controle (1:3) teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre SMet e periodontite, bem como a influência dos diferentes fatores de risco nesta associação. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. A amostra foi composta por 488 indivíduos (122 casos e 366 controles), de ambos os sexos e idade entre 35-55 anos, examinados entre junho/2009 e abril/2017. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e médicos de interesse. Diagnóstico de SMet (casos) foi definido como a combinação de elevados níveis plasmáticos de glicose, hipertensão, dislipidemia e/ou circunferência abdominal aumentada. Exame periodontal completo foi realizado por três examinadores experientes (kappa = 0,89 e índice de correlação intraclasse = 0,87). O estudo incluiu indivíduos com periodontite moderada, grave ou avançada, ou seja, estágio II, III e IV, respectivamente, sendo a) estágio II - nível de inserção clínico (NIC) interdental 3 a 4mm, Profundidade de sondagem (PS) máxima ≤ 5mm, perda óssea radiográfica no terço coronal entre 15% a 33% e ausência de perda dentária devido à periodontite; b) estágio III - NIC interdental ≥ 5mm, perda óssea radiográfica que se estende até o terço médio da raiz; e perda dentária devido a periodontite; c) estágio IV ­ NIC interdental ≥ 5mm e presença de lesões periodontais profundas que se estendem à porção apical da raiz e/ou história de perda dentária múltipla. Quanto à extensão da periodontite, as formas localizadas foram classificadas como <30% e as formas generalizadas como ≥ 30% dos dentes afetados. A associação entre SMet e variáveis de interesse foi avaliada por análise univariada e regresssão logística e linear. A ocorrência de periodontite total (estágio II, III, IV) foi 54,6% e 35,2% nos grupos caso e controle, respectivamente. No grupo caso, a ocorrência de periodontite estágio II foi de 83,2% e estágio III e IV de 16,8%. No grupo controle, a ocorrência de periodontite estágio II foi de 88,5% e estágio III e IV de 12,5%. Indivíduos com a SMet mostraram pior condição periodontal clínica, expressa por médias mais altas de índice de placa, sangramento à sondagem, PS e NIC, bem como % de sítios com PS 4-6 mm, NIC 3-5 mm e >5 mm. No modelo logístico final, foram associados a periodontite após ajuste para as variáveis de confusão gênero, uso de álcool, idade e tabagismo: SMet (OR = 1,98 95%IC 1.31-32.86), presença de até 14 dentes (OR = 1,61 95%IC 1.02-2.04), índice de massa corporal >25kg/m² (OR = 1,81 95%IC 1.26-2.21) e tabagismo (OR = 2.13 95%IC 1.16-3.62). Presença de dentes até 14 (p = 0,027) e tabagismo (p = 0,001) foram associados com ao NIC, considerando circunferência abdominal elevada, hipertensão e dislipidemia como componentes da SMet. Quando o diabetes foi tomado como um componente SMet, a idade (p = 0,015) também foi associada ao NIC. Os resultados demonstraram que há uma importante associação entre SMet e periodontite. No entanto, são necessários estudos futuros com desenhos prospectivos e de intervenção, em diferentes populações, para confirmar esses achados.

In recent years, the association between metabolic disorders and periodontitis has been widely studied and recognized. However, the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis remains controversial. The present case-control study (1:3) aimed to evaluate the association between MetS and periodontitis, as well as the influence of potentialt risk factors in this association. Study sample comprised 488 individuals, of which 122 were cases and 366 were controls, both genders and aged between 35-55 years, that were examined from June/2009 and April/2017. Sociodemographic and medical data of interest were collected. Diagnosis of MetS (cases) was defined as the combination of the following parameters: high plasma glucose levels, hypertension, dyslipidemia and/or increased abdominal circumference. Complete periodontal examination was performed by three experienced examiners (kappa = 0.89 and intraclass correlation index = 0.87). The study included individuals with moderate, severe or advanced periodontitis, that is, stage II, III and IV, respectively, being a) stage II ­ clinical attachment level (CAL) 3 to 4mm, maximum probing depth (PD) ≤ 5mm, radiographic bone loss at the coronal third between 15% to 33%, and no tooth loss due to periodontitis); b) stage III ­ at least interdental CAL ≥ 5mm, radiographic bone loss extending to mild-third of the root; and tooth loss due to periodontitis; c) stage IV ­ interdental CAL ≥ 5mm and presence of deep periodontal lesions that extend to the apical portion of the root, and/or history of multiple tooth loss. In relation to the extension of periodontitis, localized forms were classified as < 30% and generalized forms as ≥ 30% of affected teeth The association between MetS and variables of interest was evaluated by univariate analysis and logistic and linear regression. The occurrence of total periodontitis (stage II, III, IV) was 54.6% and 35.2% in the case and control groups, respectively. In the case group, the occurrence of periodontitis was of 83.2% for the stage II and 16.8% for the stage III and IV. In the control group, the occurrence of periodontitis was of 88.5% for the stage II and of 12.5% for the stage III and IV. Individuals with MetS showed worse clinical periodontal condition, expressed by higher means of plaque index, bleeding on probing, PD and CAL, as well as% of sites with PD 4-6 mm, CAL 3-5 mm and >5 mm. In the final logistic model, after adjusting for gender, alcohol use, age and smoking, the following variables were associated with periodontitis: MetS (OR = 1.98 95% CI 1.31-32.86), presence of up to 14 teeth (OR = 1 , 61 95% CI 1.02-2.04), body mass index >25kg / m² (OR = 1.81 95% CI 1.26-2.21) and smoking (OR = 2.13 95% CI 1.16-3.62). Presence of teeth up to 14 (p = 0.027) and smoking (p = 0.001) were associated with CAL, when considering elevated abdominal circumference, hypertension and dyslipidemia as components of MetS diagnosis. When diabetes was also taken as MetS component, age (p = 0.015) was also associated with CAL. These findings demonstrated that there is an important association between MetS and periodontitis. However, future studies with prospective and interventional designs in different populations are needed to confirm these results.

Diagnóstico periodontal: conhecimentos e atitudes de estudantes de Odontologia / Periodontal diagnosis: knowledge and attitudes of dentistry students

Objetivo: A capacidade de diagnóstico é fundamental em todas as áreas da odontologia. Na periodontia o diagnóstico deve ser criterioso, exigindo dos estudantes e profissionais conhecimento, habilidade e percepção. A utilização dos recursos disponíveis e interpretação correta dos mesmos resultam em um diagnóstico apropriado e influenciam diretamente do sucesso terapêutico. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os conhecimentos e atitudes de acadêmicos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Itaúna sobre o diagnóstico em periodontia. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 154 estudantes do 7º ao 10º período que cursavam a disciplina de Clínica Integrada e já tinham passado pela disciplina de periodontia. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que os estudantes possuem dificuldades para realização do diagnóstico das doenças periodontais. A maior dificuldade aparenta estar na aplicação dos conhecimentos adquiridos durante o curso na prática clínica. Conclusão: A literatura indica que recursos didáticos como o fluxograma, podem beneficiar os estudantes e resultar no aumento de diagnósticos corretos.

Aim: Diagnostic capability is essential in all areas of dentistry. In periodontics, the diagnosis must be judicious, requiring students' and professionals' knowledge, skill, and perception. The use of the available resources and the correct interpretation of these results in an appropriate diagnosis can directly influence the therapeutic success. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of academians from the Dentistry School of the University of Itaúna regarding diagnoses in periodontics. Methods: A total of 154 students from the 7th to the 10th semesters, who had completed both the Integrated Clinic course as well as the discipline of periodontics, participated in this study. Results: The results revealed that the students have difficulties to perform the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. The greatest difficulty appears to be in the application of the knowledge acquired during the course in clinical practice. Conclusion: The literature indicates that teaching resources, such as flowcharts, can benefit students and result in an increase in correct diagnoses.

Efeitos terapêuticos do uso de produtos derivados da romã (punica granatum) como coadjuvante no tratamento das doenças periodontais: uma revisão de literatura / Therapeutic effects of the use of pomegranate products (Punica granatum) as adjuvant in the treatment of periodontal diseases: a review of the literature

A romã (Punica granatum) possui uma vasta história médica conhecida por sua ação antibacteriana, antioxidante e anti-inflamatória. A presente revisão teve como objetivo verificar os potenciais efeitos terapêuticos do uso de produtos derivados da P. granatum como coadjuvante no tratamento das doenças periodontais. Descritores em inglês e português dos termos: "romã", "doença periodontal", "gengivite", "periodontite" e "punica granatum", foram utilizados para consulta nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo. Para avaliação dos efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antimicrobianos e clínicos da romã foram incluídos trabalhos clínicos e pré-clínicos, sem restrições de data. Os diferentes estudos selecionados avaliaram P. granatum em diferentes formulações, incluindo bochechos, géis, infusão, dentifrícios, e chips biodegradáveis. Os resultados demostraram que os componentes fitoquímicos de P. granatum, como polifenóis flavonoides, punicalaginas, ácido punícico e antocinas apresentam propriedades relevantes pró-saúde periodontal, que incluem efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antioxidantes, hemostáticos e imunoregulatórios. Estudos in vivo utilizando diferentes formulações da romã em participantes acometidos por gengivite ou periodontite apresentaram reduções nos índices de placa, sangramento gengival e profundidade de sondagem em graus variados. Conclui-se que P. granatum pode ser uma promissora alternativa à terapia antimicrobiana padrão, para auxílio do controle mecânico de placa, com melhora dos sinais clínicos das doenças periodontais. Contudo, mais estudos clínicos ainda são necessários. (AU)

The pomegranade (Punica granatum) has a vast medical history know by its antibacterial, antioxidant and antiinflammatory action. The presente review aimed at verifying the potential therapeutic effects of products derived from P. granatum as adjuvant in the treatment of periodontal diseases. English and Portugueses descriptors of the terms "pomegranate", "periodontal disease", "gingivitis", "periodontitis" and "Punica granatum" were used for search in Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo databases. To assess the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and clinical effects of pomegranate, clinical and preclinical were included, with no date restrictions. The different studies evaluated P. granatum in different formulations, including mouthwash, gels, infusion, dentifrices, and biodegradable chips. Results showed that the phytochemical components of P. granatum, such as polyphenois flavonoids, punicalagins, punicic acid and antocines, demonstrated relevant periodontal prohealth properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hemostatic and immunoregulatory effects. In vivo studies, using different pomegranade formulations in individuals affected by gingivitis or periodontitis, showed reductions in plaque index, gingival bleeding and probing depth in different levels. It was concluded that P. granatum could be a promising alternative to the standard antimicrobial therapy in order to aid the mechanical control of plaque, with improvement of clinical signs of periodontal diseases. However, more clinical studies are still necessary. (AU)